An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the surface of the earth by the passage of the seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. It is also known as tremblor, tremor or quake. An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the surface of the earth by the passage of the seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. It is also known as tremblor, tremor or quake.
Causes of Earthquakes
The earth’s crust is composed of solid core, mantle (consists of molten magma) and tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are constantly moving due to convection currents triggered by molten lava inside the earth’s crust. This constant movement leads to either the plates sliding against each other or drifting away from each other. These interactions and drifting apart of tectonic plates underneath the earth are perceived by living organisms, humans included.
The constant movements have even led to the formation of mountains and valleys. When these plates move against each other, there is a point where they interact. In geological terminology, this meeting point is known as a fault line. This fault line is sometimes known as a fracture in the earth’s crust. The moment the plates begin to move, the potential energy, commonly known as stored energy, is released from the meeting point, known as the hypocenter. The outcome is an earthquake.
Types of Earthquakes
I. Tectonic Earthquakes
II. Volcanic Earthquakes
III. Explosion Earthquakes
IV. Collapse Earthquakes
Effects of Earthquakes
i. Damage to buildings
ii. Damage to infrastructure
iii. Landslides and rockslides
iv. Floods
Important Earthquake Safety Precautions
- When an earthquake starts, grab your emergency preparedness kit. Remember, Drop, Cover, and Hold On.
- Get down on the ground under a table or desk. Keep your emergency preparedness kit nearby so you’ll have the supplies you need.
- Keep clear of windows—glass may shatter from the shaking.
- Never stand under objects that can fall on top of you like a large bookcase.
- If you’re in bed, cover your head and neck with pillows.
- If you are home, don’t go outside. Stay off the roads.
- If you’re outside, move away from buildings which can collapse. Stay in an open area where there are no trees, buildings or power lines.
- If you’re driving when an earthquake strikes, pull over to a large open area that’s not under trees or power lines. Set the parking brake. Stay in the vehicle.
- If you’re at school, work, or any shopping area don’t take the elevator. Take the stairs.
